ἐν
Gram. e)n prep
Gram. e)ni/ prep
Gram. ei)n prep
Gram. ei)ni/ prep
Perseus. "in, among. c. dat."
Lat. in.
PREP. WITH DAT.:
I. OF PLACE
1. "in", ἐν νήσῳ, ἐν Τροίῃ, etc., Hom., etc.:—elliptic, ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο (sc. οἴκῳ) Od.; εἰν Ἀΐδαο Il.; ἐν παιδοτρίβου "at the school of" the training master, Ar.
2. "in, upon", ἐν οὔρεσι Hom., etc.
3. "in the number of, amongst", ἐν Δαναοῖς, etc., Hom.; and with Verbs of ruling, ἄρχειν, ἀνάσσειν ἐν πολλοῖς to be first or lord "among" many, i. e. "over" them, id=Hom.; cf. ὁ, τό B. III. 3.
4. "in one's hands, within one's reach or power", Lat. penes, Hom., etc.; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Soph.; ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν Dem.
5. "in respect of", ἐν γήρᾳ "in point of" age, Soph.
6. when ἐν is used with Verbs of motion, where we use the prep. "into", the construction is called "pregnant", πίπτειν ἐν κονίῃσι "to fall [to" the dust and lie] "in" it; οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ Od., etc.
II. OF THE STATE, CONDITION, POSITION, in which one is:
1. "of outward circumstances", ἐν πολέμῳ, etc., Hom.; ἐν λόγοις εἶναι to be engaged "in" oratory, Plat.; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Thuc.; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, id=Thuc.
2. "of inward states", of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι Il.; ἐν φόβῳ εἶναι to be "in" fear, ἐν αἰσχύνῃ, etc.; also, ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Thuc.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχειν τινά to blame him, Hdt.
3. often with a neut. adj., ἐν βραχεῖ ῀ βραχέως, Soph.; ἐν τάχει ῀ ταχέως, id=Soph.; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιεῖσθαι Hdt.; ἐν ἴσῳ ῀ ἴσως, Thuc.
III. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, "in or with", ἐν πυρὶ πρῆσαι Il.; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶν have the object "in" one's eye, Lat. in oculis, Hom.; ἐν λιταῖς "by" prayers, ἐν δόλῳ "by" deceit, Aesch., etc.
IV. OF TIME, "in, in the course of", ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il.; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ἐν νυκτί Hdt., attic; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ), "while", Hdt.:— ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς "in the time of" the truce, Xen.
2. "in, within", ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα Thuc.; ἐν τρισὶ μησί Xen.
B. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ..:
1. "and therein", Hom.
2. "and among them", Il.
3. "and besides, moreover", Hom., Soph.
C. IN COMPOS.:
1. with Verbs, the prep. retains its sense of being "in or at" a place, etc., c. dat., or foll. by εἰς or ἐν.
2. with Adjs., it qualifies, as in ἔμπικρος, "rather" better; or expresses the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος, "with" blood "in it", ἔμφωνος "with" a voice.
II. ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ χ; ἐλ- before λ; and in a few words ἐρ- before ρ.