κατά (bef. a vowel κατ’, καθ’; on the freq. neglect of elision, v. Tdf., Pr., 95; WH, App., 146a),
prep. c. gen., acc.,
down, downwards.
I. C. gen. (WM, § 47, k; Bl., § 42, 2).
1. C. gen. rei, in local sense;
(a) down, down from: Mt 8:32, Mk 5:13, Lk 8:33, I Co 11:4;
(b) throughout (late usage; Bl., § 42, 2): κ. ὅλης κ.τ.λ., Lk 4:1423:5, Ac 9:3110:37;
(c) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία, deep or extreme poverty, II Co 8:2.
2. C. gen. pers., usually in hostile sense;
(a) against (in cl. only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opp. to ὑπέρ, Mk 9:40; μετά, Mt 12:30; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Ga 5:17; λαλεῖν, Ac 6:13; διδάσκειν, Ac 21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, Ja 3:14; after verbs of accusing, etc., Mt 5:23, Lk 23:14, Ro 8:33, al.; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Mt 10:35, Ac 14:2, I Co 4:6, al.;
(b) of swearing, by: ὄμνυμι κ. (Bl., § 34, 1), He 6:13, 16, cf. Mt 26:63.
II. C. acc. (WM, § 49 d; Bl., § 42, 2).
1. Of motion or direction;
(a) through, throughout: Lk 8:399:610:4, Ac 8:1, 36, al.;
(b) to, towards, over against: Lk 10:32 (Field, Notes, 62), Ac 2:1016:7, Ga 2:11, Phl 3:14, al.;
(c) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ’οἶκον, at home, Ac 2:46; κατ’ ἰδίαν (v.s. ἴδιος); καθ’ ἑαυτόν, Ac 28:16, Ro 14:22, Ja 2:17; c. pron. pers., Ac 17:2818:15, Ro 1:15, Eph 1:15, al.
2. Of time, at, during, about: Ac 8:2612:119:23, Ro 9:9, He 1:10, al.
3. Distributive;
(a) of place: κ. τόποὐς, Mt 24:7, al.; κ. πόλιν, Lk 8:1, 4, al.; κ. ἐκκλησίαν, Ac 14:23;
(b) of time: κ. ἔτος, Lk 2:41; ἑορτήν, Mt 27:15, al.;
(c) of numbers, etc.: καθ’ ἕνα πάντες, I Co 14:31 (on καθ’ εἷς, v.s. εἷς); κ. ἑκατόν, Mk 6:40; κ. μέρος, He 9:5; κ. ὄνομα, Jo 10:3.
4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.;
(a) in relation to, concerning: Ro 1:3, 47:229:3, 5, I Co 1:2610:18, Phl 1:12; κ. πάντα, Ac 17:22, Col 3:20, 22, He 2:174:15;
(b) according to, after, like: Mk 7:5, Lk 2:27, 29, Jo 7:24, Ro 8:414:15, Eph 2:2, Col 2:8, Ja 2:8, al.
III. In composition, κ. denotes,
1. down, down from (καταβαίνω, etc.), hence, metaph.;
(a) victory or rule over (καταδουλόω, -κυριεύω, etc.);
(b) "perfective" action (M, Pr., 111 ff.).
2. under (κατακαλύπτω, etc.).
3. in succession (καθεξῆς).
4. after, behind (καταλείπω).
5. Hostility, against (καταλαλέω).