ἀριθμός
Etym. *ἄρω
I. "number", Lat. numerus, Od., etc.; ἀριθμόν "in" number, Hdt., attic; ἀριθμὸν ἕξ Hdt.; ἐς τὸν ἀρ. τρισχίλια id=Hdt.; also, ἓν ἀριθμῶι id=Hdt.; so in attic
2. "amount, sum, extent", πολὺς ἀρ. χρόνου Aeschin.; ἀρ. ἀργυρίου a "sum" of money, Xen.
3. as mark of station, worth, rank, μετ᾽ ἀνδρῶν ἀριθμῶι "among" men, Od.; οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἀριθμόν have no "account" made of them, Eur.; οὐδ᾽ εἰς ἀριθμὸν ἥκεις λόγων you come not "into my account", id=Eur.
4. "mere number, quantity", opp. to "quality, worth", ἀριθμὸς λόγων "a mere set" of words, Soph.; so of men, οὐκ ἀρ. ἄλλως not "a mere lot", Eur.; so ἀριθμός alone, like Hor.'s "nos numerus sumus", Ar.
II. "a numbering, counting", ἀριθμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῆς στρατιῆς to hold "a muster" of the army, Hdt.; παρεῖναι εἰς τὸν ἀρ. Xen.
III. "the science of numbers, numeration, arithmetic", Aesch., Plat.