διά
Perseus. "through c. gen. through, by means of c. acc."
"through".
A. WITH GEN.:
I. of Place or Space:
1. of motion "in a line, through, right through", διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε ἔγχος Il.; δι᾽ ἠέρος αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν "quite through" the lower air even to the ether, id=Il.; διὰ πάντων ἐλθεῖν to go "through" all "in succession", Xen.
2. of motion "through" a space, but "not in a line, all through, over", διὰ πεδίοιο Il.; δι᾽ ἄστεος Od.
3. of Intervals of Space, διὰ δέκα ἐπάλξεων "at every" 10th battlement, Thuc.; διὰ πέντε σταδίων "at a distance of" 5 stades, Hdt.
II. of Time:
1. "throughout, during", διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.; δι᾽ ἡμέρης "all" day "long", id=Hdt.; διὰ παντός "continually", Aesch.; δι᾽ ὀλίγου "for" a short time, Thuc.
2. of the interval "between" two points of Time, διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ or διὰ πολλοῦ χρ. "after" a long time, Hdt.; διὰ χρόνου "after" a time, Soph.; χρόνος διὰ χρόνου time "after" time, id=Soph.
3. of successive Intervals, διὰ τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.; δι᾽ ἐνιαυτοῦ "every" year, Xen.
III. Causal, "through, by"
1. of the Agent, δι᾽ ἀγγέλων "by the mouth of" messengers, Hdt.; δι᾽ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν Xen.
2. of the Instrument or Means, διὰ χειρῶν Soph.; διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν "in" hand, id=Soph.
3. of the Manner or Way, παίω δι᾽ ὀργῆς "through" passion, "in" passion, Soph.; διὰ σπουδῆς "in" haste, hastily, Eur.
IV. to express conditions or states, δι᾽ ἡσυχίης εἶναι to be "in a state of" quiet, to be tranquil, Hdt.; διὰ πολέμου ἰέναι τινί to be "at" war with one, Xen.; δι᾽ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be "hated" by him, Aesch.; δι᾽ οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά to feel pity for one, Eur., etc.
B. WITH ACC.:
I. of Place, in same sense as διά c. gen.:
1. "through", ἓξ διὰ πτύχας ἦλθε χαλκός Il.
2. "throughout, over", ὤικεον δι᾽ ἄκριας Od.; δι᾽ αἰθέρα Soph.
II. of Time, διὰ νύκτα Il.; διὰ ὕπνον "during" sleep, Mosch.
III. Causal:
1. of Persons, "through, by aid of, by means of", νικῆσαι διὰ Ἀθήνην Od.; διά σε "by" thy fault or service, Soph.: "through, by reason of", αὐτὸς δι᾽ αὑτόν "for" his own "sake", Plat.; διὰ τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Thuc.
2. of things, which express the Cause, Reason, or Purpose, δι᾽ ἐμὴν ἰότητα "because of" my will, Il.; δι᾽ ἀχθηδόνα "for the sake of" vexing, Thuc.; διὰ τοῦτο, διὰ ταῦτα "therefore"; etc.
C. WITHOUT CASE as Adv. "throughout", Hom.
D. IN COMPOS.:
I. "through, right through", as in διαβαίνω.
II. "in different directions", as in διαπέμπω:— of separation, "asunder", as in Lat. dis-, as in διασκεδάννυμι:— "at variance", as in διαφωνέω; or of mutual relation, "one with another", as in διαγωνίζομαι, διᾴδω.
III. of preeminence, as in διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.
IV. completion, "to the end, utterly", as in διαμάχομαι (cf. Lat. decertare).
V. to add strength, "throughly, out and out", as in διαγαληνίζω.
VI. of mixture, "between, partly", as in διάλευκος.