παρά
Perseus. "from the side of, c. gen., beside, alongside of, c. dat., to the side of, motion alongside of, c. acc."
I. prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radical sense "beside":
A. WITH GENIT. "from the side of, from beside: from", φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ Il.
II. commonly of Persons, ἦλθε πὰρ Διός id=Il.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει παρὰ βασιλῆος Hdt.; ὁ παρά τινος ἥκων his messenger, Xen.
2. "issuing from" a person, γίγνεσθαι παρά τινος "to be born" from him, Plat.; when it follows a Noun, a particip. may be supplied, ἡ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξα glory "from (given by)" men, id=Plat.; τὸ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα "done by" me, Xen.; παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ διδόναι to give "from" oneself, i. e. "from" one's own "means", Hdt.
3. with Verbs of receiving and obtaining, τυχεῖν τινος παρά τινος Od.; εὑρέσθαι τι παρά τινος Isocr.; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν τι παρά τινος Thuc.; μανθάνειν, ἀκούειν παρά τινος Hdt.
4. with Pass. Verbs, "on the part of" (not, like ὑπό, of the direct agent), παρὰ θεῶν δίδοταί or σημαίνεταί τι Plat.; τὰ παρά τινος λεγόμενα or συμβουλευόμενα Xen.; φάρμακον πιεῖν παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ "by" his "prescription", Plat.
III. in poetic passages, for παρά c. dat., "near", πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Pind.; πὰρ Κυανεᾶν σπιλάδων Soph.; παρ᾽ Ἰσμηνοῦ ῥείθρων id=Soph.
B. WITH DAT. "beside, alongside of, by", with Verbs implying rest, used to answer the question "where?"
I. of Places, ἧσθαι πὰρ πυρί Od.; ἑστάναι παρ᾽ ὄχεσφιν Il.; πὰρ ποσσί "at" one's feet, id=Il.; παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης id=Il.
II. of persons, κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ id=Il.; στῆναι παρά τινι to stand "by" him, id=Il.
2. like Lat. apud, French "chez, at" one's "house", μένειν παρά τινι id=Il.; οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι the people "here", Plat.; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτεία Dem.:—like Lat. apud for "penes, in one's own hands", ἔχειν παρ᾽ ἑωϋτῷ Hdt.
3. Lat. coram, before, in the presence of, ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν Od.: "before" a judge, Hdt., attic; παρ᾽ ἐμοί, Lat. me judice, Hdt.; εὐδοκιμεῖν, μέγα δύνασθαι, τιμᾶσθαι παρά τινι "with" one, Plat.
C. WITH ACCUS. "to the side" of an object, or "motion alongside of" it:
I. of Place,
1. with Verbs of coming and going, βῆ παρὰ θῖνα Il.; παρ᾽ Ἥφαιστον "to" his "chamber", id=Il.; εἰσιέναι παρά τινα to go "into his house", Thuc., Plat.
2. with Verbs of rest, "beside, near, by", κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ᾽ ὄχθας lies "stretched beside" the river banks, Il.; παρ᾽ ἔμ᾽ ἵστασο come and stand "by" me, id=Il.
3. with Verbs of striking, wounding, βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν Il.; αἰχμὴ δ᾽ ἐξεσύθη παρὰ ἀνθερεῶνα id=Il.
4. with Verbs of "passing by", leaving "on one side", Hom.; παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι Xen.
b. "by or beside" the mark, πὰρ δύναμιν "beyond" "one's strength", Il.
c. "contrary to, against", παρὰ μοῖραν "contrary to" destiny, Hom.; παρ᾽ αἶσαν, παρὰ τὰς σπονδάς Thuc.; παρὰ δόξαν "contrary to" opinion, id=Thuc.; παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας Soph.
5. "beside, except", οὐκ ἔστι παρὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἄλλα "beside" this there is nothing else, Ar.; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα he won the Olympic prize "save in" one conflict, he was "within" one of winning it, Hdt.; so, παρὰ ὀλίγον "only just", Eur.; παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε ἀφελέσθαι was "within" an ace "of" taking away, Thuc.; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου came "within" such a degree of peril, i. e. was in such imminent peril, id=Thuc.: —opp. to these phrases is παρὰ πολύ "by" far, δεινότατον παρὰ πολύ Ar.; παρὰ πολὺ νικᾶν Thuc.:—but
6. παρὰ ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαι, ἡγεῖσθαι to hold "of" small account, Xen.; παρ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι are "as" nothing, Soph.
7. with a sense of alternation, παρ᾽ ἡμέραν or παρ᾽ ἦμαρ, doric παρ᾽ ἆμαρ, day "by" day, Pind., Soph.; πληγὴ παρὰ πληγήν blow "for" blow, Ar.
8. with a sense of Comparison, παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι men "beyond" all other animals live like gods, Xen.; χειμὼν μείζω παρὰ τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν ὥραν Thuc.
9. metaph. to denote dependence, "on account of, because of, by means of", παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν id=Thuc.; παρὰ τοῦτο γέγονε Dem.
II. of Time, "along the whole course of, during", παρὰ τὴν ζόην Hdt.; παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον Dem.; παρὰ ποτόν "while they were at" wine, Aeschin.
2. "at the moment of", παρ᾽ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα, "flagrante delicto", Dem.
D. POSITION: —παρά may follow its Subst. in all cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα.
E. πάρα (with anastrophe) also stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι.
F. παρά absol., as adv., "near, together, at once", in Hom.
G. IN COMPOS.,
I. "alongside of, beside", παράλληλοι, παραπλέω.
II. "to the side of, to", παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
III. "to one side of, by, past", παρέρχομαι, παρατρέχω.
IV. metaph.:
1. "aside", i. e. "amiss, wrong", παραβαίνω, παρακούω.
2. of comparison, παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.
3. of change, παραλλάσσω, παράφημι.