περιβάλλω
Infl. fut. -βα^λῶ
Infl. aor2 -έβα^λον
I. "to throw round", περὶ χαῖρε βαλών "having thrown" his arms round him, Od.; χέρας π. τινί Eur.; περὶ δ᾽ ὠλένας δέρᾳ βάλοιμι id=Eur.; π. τινὶ δεσμά Aesch.; π. ναῦν περὶ ἕρμα "to wreck" it "on" a reef, Thuc.:—Mid. "to throw round oneself, put on", c. acc. rei, τεύχεα περιβαλλόμενοι "putting on their" arms, Od.; π. ἔρυμα, ἕρκος, τείχεα "to throw round oneself for defence", Hdt.; c. dupl. acc., τεῖχος περιβάλλεσθαι πόλιν "to build" a wall "round" it, id=Hdt.:—in perf. pass. "to have" a thing "put round one", Plat.; περιβεβλημένος τὸ τεῖχος "having" his wall "around" him, id=Plat.
2. metaph. "to put round" a person, i. e. "invest" him "with" it, π. τινὶ βασιληίην, τυραννίδα id=Plat., Eur.; δουλείαν Μυκήναις Eur.; π. ἀνανδρίαν τινί, i. e. to make him faint-hearted, id=Eur.
II. reversely, c. dat. rei, "to surround, encompass, enclose with", περιβάλλειν βρόχῳ τὸν αὐχένα Hdt.; τινὰ πέπλοις Eur.; π. τινὰ χερσί to embrace, id=Eur.:—metaph., π. τινὰ συμφοραῖς, κακοῖς "to involve" one in calamities, evils, etc., id=Eur.:—so in Mid. "to surround or enclose for" oneself, Xen.
2. π. τινὰ χαλκεύματι "to put" him "round" the sword, i. e. stab him, Aesch.
III. c. acc. only, "to encompass, surround", περιβάλλει με σκότος Eur.; π. τινά "to embrace" him, Xen.; but also "to clothe", NTest.:—Pass., τὸ περιβεβλημένον "the space enclosed, enclosure", Hdt.:—Mid., ἤλαυνον περιβαλλόμενοι [τὰ ὑποζύγια] "surrounding" them, id=Hdt.
2. "to fetch a compass round, double", c. acc., ἵπποι περὶ τέρμα βαλοῦσαι Il.; of ships, π. τὸν Ἄθων Hdt., etc.
3. "to frequent, be fond of" a place, Xen.
IV. Mid. "to bring into one's power, aim at", Lat. affectare, as we say ""to compass"" a thing, π. ἑωυτῷ κέρδεα Hdt.; σωφροσύνης δόξαν π. Xen.:—perf. pass. "to have come into possession of" a thing, Hdt.
2. "to cloke or veil" in words, Plat.
V. "to throw beyond", and so, generally, "to excel, surpass", μνηστῆρας δώροισι Od.; or, simply, π. ἀρετῇ "to be superior" in virtue, Il.