Synecdoche

Syn‐ec″do‐che (sĭn‐ĕk″dō̍‐kē̍), n. [L. synecdoche, Gr. συνεκδοχή, fr. to receive jointly; σύν with + � to receive; � out + � to receive.] (Rhet.) A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships), or the whole for a part (as, the smiling year for spring), the species for the genus (as, cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as, a creature for a man), the name of the material for the thing made, etc. Bain.