Ul′tra‐mon″ta‐nism (?), n. [Cf. F. ultramontanisme.] The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; — so used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; — rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf. Gallicanism.
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Webster's Dictionary 1913
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, C. & G. Merriam Co., 1913.