βάλλω
Etym. Root ΒΑΛ
A. Act. "to throw":
I. with acc. of person or thing aimed at, "to throw so as to hit, to hit" one with a missile, opp. to "striking" (τύπτω, οὐτάω), βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπείς Il.; c. dupl. acc. pers. et partis, μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊστῶι id=Il.: c. acc. cogn. added, ἕλκος, τό μιν βάλε the wound which "he gave" him, id=Il.:—also, βάλε κατ᾽ ἀσπίδα "smote upon" it, id=Il.
2. of things, ἡνίοχον ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον id=Il.; of the Sun, ἀκτῖσιν ἔβαλλεν [χθόνα] Od.: "to strike" the senses, of sound, κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει Il.
3. metaph., β. τινὰ κακοῖς "to smite" with reproaches, Soph., etc.; φθόνος βάλλει τινά Aesch.
II. with acc. of the weapon thrown, "to throw, cast, hurl", βαλὼν βέλος Il; ἐν νηυσὶν πῦρ βάλλειν id=Il.:—with dat. of the weapon, "to throw or shoot with" a thing, χερμαδίοισι id=Il.; βέλεσι β. τινα Hom.; β. ἐπί τινα "to throw at" one, Thuc.; ἐπὶ σκοπόν or σκοποῦ Xen.
2. generally of anything thrown, εἰς ἅλα λύματ᾽ ἔβαλλον Il., etc.:—of persons, β. τινὰ ἐν κονίηισιν, ἐν δαπέδωι Hom., etc.; metaph., ἐς κακὸν β. τινά Od.; β. τινὰ ἐς φόβον Eur.; also, ἐν αἰτίαι or αἰτία β. τινά Soph.
3. "to let fall", ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν Il.; β. ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν Od.
4. of the eyes, ἑτέρωσε βάλ᾽ ὄμματα "cast" them the other way, id=Od., etc.
5. in a loose sense, "to throw, to put, place", ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βάλε Il.; ὅπως φιλότητα μετ᾽ ἀμφοτέροισι βάλωμεν "may put" frienship between them, id=Il.; β. τί τινι ἐν θυμῶι Od.; ἐς θυμὸν β. "to lay" to heart, Soph.
6. "to put round", ἀμφ᾽ ὀχέεσσι βάλε κύκλα Il.; and of clothes or arms, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ Ἀθήνη ὤμοις βάλ᾽ αἰγίδα id=Il.
7. βαλών is sometimes added, like λαβών or ἔχων, at the end of a sentence, almost as an expletive, "with", Soph.
III. intr., ποταμὸς εἰς ἅλα βάλλων "falling", Il.; ἐν πέδωι βαλῶ (sc. ἐμαυτήν) Aesch.
2. so in familiar language, βάλλ᾽ ἐς κόρακας "away with you! be hanged!" Lat. pasce corvos! abi in malam rem! Ar.
B. Mid. "to put for oneself", ἐνὶ θυμῶι βάλλευ "lay it" to heart, Od.; ἐς θυμὸν βάλλεσθαί τι Hdt.; ἐφ᾽ ἑωυτοῦ βαλόμενος "on one's own judgment, of oneself", id=Hdt.
2. τόξα or ξίφος ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοις βάλλεσθαι "to throw about one's" shoulder, Il.
3. ἐς γαστέρα βάλλεσθαι, of a woman, "to conceive", Hdt.
4. "to lay the foundations of, begin to form", οἰκοδομίαν, στρατόπεδον, Plat., etc.; β. ἄγκυραν to "cast" anchor, Hdt.
II. rarely, χρόα βάλλεσθαι λουτροῖς "to dash one's" flesh with water, bathe, Hhymn.