ἐκ
Etym. ἐξ before a vowel, ἐγ before β γ δ λ μ
prep. governing GEN. only, Lat. e, exRadical sense, "from out of", opp. to εἰς:
Perseus. "out of, from. c. gen."
I. OF PLACE:
1. of Motion, "out of, forth from", Hom., etc.: ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her "from" my heart, "with all" my heart, Il.
2. to denote "change from" one place or condition to another, κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil "from" (or "after)" another, id=Il.; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν Dem.
3. to express distinction "from a number", ἐκ πόλεων πίσυρες four "out of" many, Il.
4. of Position, like ἔξω, "outside of, beyond", ἐκ βελέων "out of" shot, id=Il.; ἐκ καπνοῦ "out of" the smoke, Od.
5. with Verbs of Rest, ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body "with water from" the river, id=Od.:—with Verbs signifying "to hang or fasten", ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre "from" (i. e. "on)" the peg, id=Od.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἐπέλκουσα leading it [by a rein] "upon" her arm, Hdt.:—also, "sitting or standing", στᾶσ᾽ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο "from" Olympus where she stood, Il.; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit "on" the heights and look "from" them, Soph.
II. OF TIME, ἐξ οὗ or ἐξ οὗτε [χρόνου], Lat. ex quo, since, Hom., attic; ἐκ τοῦ or ἐκ τοῖο "from" that time, Il.; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) "for" a long time, Thuc.
2. of particular points of time, ἐκ νέου or ἐκ παιδός "from" boyhood; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, etc.; so, ἐκ θυσίας γενέσθαι to have "just finished" sacrifice, Hdt.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου "after" breakfast, Xen.
3. when we say "in or by", ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.; ἐκ νυκτός Xen., etc.
III. OF ORIGIN,
1. of the Material, "out of or of" which things are made, ποιεῖσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.
2. of the Father, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, φῦναι, etc., Il.; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Plat.
3. of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν Il.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death "by the hand of" the suitors, Od.; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls "built by them", Hdt.
4. with the agent after Pass. Verbs, where ὑπό is more common, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved "of" (i. e. "by)" Zeus, Il.
5. of the Cause, Instrument or Means "by" which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος "in consequence" of our father's friendship, Od.; so, ἐκ τίνος; ἐκ τοῦ; "wherefore?" Eur.; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends "of" (i. e. "by means of)", NTest.
6. "from", i. e. "according to", ἐκ τῶν λογίων "according to" the oracles, Hdt.; ἐκ νόμων Aesch.
7. periphr. for an adv., (as in Lat. ex consulto, ex composito), ἐκ βίας "by" force, = βιαίως, Soph.; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ῀ φανερῶς, Thuc., etc.
8. with numerals, ἐκ τρίτου in the third place, Eur.