πρᾶγμα
Alt. πρᾶγμα, ionicπρῆγμα, ατος, τό,
Etym. πράσσω
I. "that which has been done, a deed, act", Lat. facinus, Hdt., attic; τῶν πραγμάτων πλέον more than "facts", Eur.; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι τὸ πρ.; what is your "work in life?" Plat.; γύναιον πρ. ποιεῖν to do a woman's "work", Dem.
II. like Lat. res, a thing, matter, affair, Hdt., attic; σφισί τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοις εἶναι οὐδὲν πρ. they had no "thing" in common, Hdt.
2. "anything necessary or expedient", πρῆγμά ἐστι, c. inf., it is "necessary, expedient" to do, 'tis my "duty or business" to do, like Lat. opus est, Hdt.
3. "a thing of consequence or importance", πρ. ποιεῖσθαί τι id=Hdt.; of a person, ἦν μέγιστον πρ. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, id=Hdt.; ἄμαχον πρ., of a woman, Xen.; ἀσταθμητότατον πρ. ὁ δῆμος Dem.
4. used of a battle, as we say "an action, affair", Xen.
5. euphem. for something bad or disgraceful, "the thing, the business", Thuc.; Εὐρυβάτου πρᾶγμα, οὐ πόλεως ἔργον his "job", Dem.
III. in pl., πράγματα,
1. "circumstances, affairs", Hdt., attic; τοῖς πράγμασιν τέθνηκα τοῖς δ᾽ ἔργοισι δ᾽ οὔ by "circumstances", not by acts, Eur.; ἀπηλλάχθαι πραγμάτων to be quit of "the business of life", Plat.; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν πρ. to fail in success, Xen.
2. "state-affairs", Eur., etc.; τὰ πολιτικὰ πρ. Plat.:—also, τὰ Περσικὰ πρ. the Persian "power", Hdt.; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πρ. ἐγένετο Thuc.; καταλαμβάνειν τὰ πρ. to seize "the government", Lat. rerum potiri, id=Thuc.; ἔχειν, κατέχειν τὰ πρ. id=Thuc.; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι, like οἱ ἐν τέλει, those who are in "power or office", the ministers, id=Thuc.; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς πρ. ὄντες, οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν πρ., Dem.:— νεώτερα πρ. "innovations", Lat. res novae, Oratt.
3. one's "private affairs or circumstances", Hdt., attic
4. in bad sense, "troublesome business, trouble, annoyance", Ar.; πράγματα ἔχειν, c. part., "to have trouble about" a thing, Hdt.; πρ. παρέχειν τινί to cause one "trouble", id=Hdt.; c. inf., to cause one "the trouble" of doing, Plat.