ἐπί
Perseus. "on, upon with gen., dat., and acc."
prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radic. signf. "upon."
A. WITH GEN.:
I. of Place,
1. with Verbs of Rest, "upon or on", κεῖσθαι ἐπὶ χθονός Il.; ἐφ᾽ ἵππου "on" horse-back, etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς "upon" earth, Soph.; ἐπ᾽ ἀγροῦ "in" the country, Od.; also "at or near", ἐπὶ Λήμνου "off" Lemnos, Hdt., etc.:—with Verbs of motion, the sense is pregnant, ἐπ᾽ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν drew the ship "upon" the land "and left it there", Il., etc.; ἀναβῆναι ἐπὶ τῶν πύργων Xen.
2. not strictly of Place, μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς to remain "in" the command, id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων engaged "in" business, Dem.: —of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀγκύρας to ride "at" (i. e. "in dependence on an)" anchor, Hdt.
3. with the person. and reflex. Pron., ἐφ᾽ ὑμείων "by" yourselves, Il.; ἐφ᾽ αὑτοῦ "by" himself, Thuc.; αὐτὸς ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ Xen.
4. with numerals, to denote the "depth" of a body of soldiers, ἐπὶ τεττάρων four "deep", id=Xen.; ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγων i. e. in a long thin file, id=Xen.; ἐφ᾽ ἑνός "in" single file, id=Xen.
5. c.gen. pers. "before, in presence of", Lat. coram, ἐπὶ πάντων Dem.
6. with Verbs of observing, in, ὁρᾶν τι ἐπί τινος Xen.
7. of motion "towards", προτρέποντο ἐπὶ νηῶν Il.; πλεῖν ἐπὶ Χίου to sail "for" Chios, Hdt.; ἡ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνος ὁδός the road "leading to" B., Xen.
II. of Time, "in the time of", ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων Il.; ἐπὶ Κύρου Hdt.; ἐπ᾽ ἐμοῦ "in" my time, id=Hdt.
III. in various Causal senses:
1. "over", of persons in authority, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων Dem.; ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως the paymaster, id=Dem.
2. κεκλῆσθαι ἐπί τινος to be called "after" him, Hdt.; ἡ ἐπ᾽ Ἀνταλκίδου εἰρήνη καλουμένη Xen.
3. of occasions, and the like, ἐπὶ πάντων "on" all occasions, Dem.; so in phrases which became adverbial, ἐπ᾽ ἴσης (sc. μοίρας) "equally", Soph.
B. WITH DAT.:
I. of Place, "upon", ἕξεσθαι ἐπὶ δίφρῳ Il.:—with Verbs of Motion, id=Il.; in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ᾽ ἄνθεσιν fly "on to" the flowers "and settle there", id=Il.:— "at or near", ἐπὶ θύρῃσι id=Il.:— "on or over", ἐπ᾽ Ἰφιδάμαντι "over" the body of Iphidamas, id=Il.
2. in hostile sense, "against", Hdt.
3. "towards, in reference to", ἐπὶ πᾶσι Il.; νόμον τίθεσθαι ἐπί τινι to make a law "for his case", whether "for or against", Plat.
4. of accumulation, "upon, after", ὄγχνη ἐπ᾽ ὄγχνῃ one pear "after" another, Od.
5. "in addition to", ἐπὶ τοῖσι "besides", ἐπὶ τούτοις attic
6. of position, "after, behind", of soldiers, Xen.
7. "in dependence upon, in the power of", Lat. penes, ἐπί τινί ἐστι 'tis "in" his "power" to do, c. inf., Hdt.; τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἐμοί as far as is "in" my "power", Xen.
8. of condition or circumstances, Il., etc.; ἐπὶ τῷ παρόντι Thuc.
II. of Time, ἐπὶ νυκτί "by" night, Il.; αἰεὶ ἐπ᾽ ἤματι every day, Od.
2. "after", ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δεκάτῃ or τῇ ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα, "on" the 16th of the month, ap. Dem.; τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις, Lat. quod superest, Thuc.; τοὐπὶ τῷδε Eur.
III. in various Causal senses:
1. of the "occasion or cause", ἐπὶ σοί "for" thee, Il.; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐπί τινι to be proud "at or of" a thing, Plat.; ἀγανακτεῖν ἐπί τινι Xen.
2. of "an end or purpose", ἐπὶ δόρπῳ "for" supper, Od.; ἐπὶ κακῷ "for" mischief, Hdt.; δῆσαι ἐπὶ θανάτῳ id=Hdt., Xen.; ἐπ᾽ ἐξαγωγῇ "for" exportation, Hdt.
3. of the "condition upon which" a thing is done, ἐπὶ τούτοις "on" these terms, id=Hdt.; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ or ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε "on condition that", id=Hdt.; ἐπὶ οὐδενί "on" no account, id=Hdt.; ἐπ᾽ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ "on" fair and equal terms, Thuc.
4. of "price", ἔργον τελέσαι μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ δώρῳ Il.; ἐπὶ πόσῳ; Plat.; ἐπ᾽ ἀργυρίῳ Dem.; of the "interest payable on" money, δανείζεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις id=Dem.
5. κεκλῆσθαι ἐπί τινι to be called "after", Plat.
6. of persons in authority, ἐπὶ βουσίν "over" the kine, Od.; ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσίν Xen.; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν Dem.
C. WITH ACC.:
I. of Place, "upon or on to" a height, ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη Il.; προελθεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα Thuc.; ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον Xen.: simply "to", ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Il., etc.:—metaph., ἐπὶ ἔργα τρέπεσθαι id=Il.; ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ὀφείλειν to owe "to" the bank, Dem.
2. "up to, as far as", ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Thuc.:—in measurements, πλέον ἢ ἐπὶ δύο στάδια Xen.; with a neut. adj., ὅσον τ᾽ ἔπι "as" far as, Il.; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν Xen.; ἐπὶ σμικρόν, "a little way, a little", Soph.; ἐπ᾽ ἔλαττον, ἐπ᾽ ἐλάχιστον Plat., etc.
3. ἐπὶ πλέον "still" more, Hdt.; "before", Lat. coram, ἦγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὰ κοινά id=Hdt.
4. in Military phrases, ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν, i. e. 25 "in file", Thuc.
5. "towards, to", ἐπὶ δεξιά, ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερά Hom., etc.:—also in Military phrases, ἐπὶ δόρυ ἀναστρέψαι, ἐπὶ ἀσπίδα μεταβαλέσθαι, "to" the spear or shield side, i. e. "to" right or left, Xen.; ἐπὶ πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν to retire "on" the foot, i. e. facing the enemy, id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον, with exaggeration, Thuc.; ἐπὶ τὰ γελοιότερα so as to provoke laughter, Plat.
6. in hostile sense, "against", Il., etc.
7. of extension "over" a space, ἐπ᾽ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα "over" nine acres he lay stretched, id=Il.; ἐπὶ πολύ "over" a large space, Thuc.:—so in many cases, where we say "on", rather than "over", δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινός Il.; ἵππους ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐΐσας id=Il.
II. of Time, "for or during" a certain time, πολλὸν ἐπὶ χρόνον id=Il.; ἐπὶ δέκα ἔτη Thuc.
2. "up to or till" a certain time, ἐπ᾽ ἠῶ καὶ μέσον ἦμαρ Od.
III. in various Causal senses:
1. of the "object or purpose for" which one goes, ἐπὶ Τυδῆ "for" (i. e. "to bring)" tidings of Tydeus, Il.; ἐλθεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀργύριον Xen.:—with neut. Pron., ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν "for" this "purpose", id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τί; "to" what "end?" Lat. quorsum? Ar.; ἐπὶ τόκον "for" (i. e. "to gain)" interest, Dem.
2. "as regards", τοὐπ᾽ ἐμέ, τοὐπί σε Eur.
3. of persons set over others, ἐπὶ τοὺς πεζοὺς καθιστάναι ἄρχοντα Xen.
4. "according to, by", ἐπὶ στάθμην "by" the rule, Od.
D. POSITION:— ἐπί may follow its case, when it becomes ἔπι by anastrophe.
E. ABSOL., ἐπί without anastrophe, esp. ἐπὶ δέ, and "besides", Hdt.
II. ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, "'tis here", Hom.
F. IN COMPOS.:
I. of Place, denoting Rest "upon", as in ἐπίκειμαι, or Motion, "upon or over", as in ἐπιβαίνω; "to or towards", as in ἐπαρίστερος, ἐπιδέξιος; "against", as in ἐπαΐσσω, ἐπιστρατεύω; "up" to a point, as in ἐπιτελέω; "over or beyond" boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι, ἐπεργασία.
2. Extension "over" a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυσος.
3. Accumulation or addition, as in ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος.
4. Accompaniment, "to, with", as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω.
5. Interest, ἐπίτριτος one "and" 1/3 "more", 1+1/3, Lat. sesquitertius; so ἐπιτέταρτος, etc.
II. of Time and Sequence, "after", as in ἐπιγίγνομαι.
III. in Causal senses, of Superiority felt "over or at", as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω; of Authority, "over", as in ἐπικρατέω, ἐπιβούκολος; of Motive, "for", as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθάνατος; to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι.