χαίρω
Etym. Root ΧΑΡ
I. "to rejoice, be glad, be delighted" Hom., etc.; χ. θυμῶι or ἐν θυμῶι, χ. φρεσὶν ἧισι id=Hom.:—c. dat. rei, "to rejoice at, be delighted with, take delight in" a thing, id=Hom., etc.; so, χαίρειν ἐπί τινι Soph., Xen.:— c. part., χαίρω τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας "I rejoice at" having heard, Il.; χαίρεις ὁρῶν Eur.; χαίρω φειδόμενος Ar.;— with part. pres. χαίρω sometimes takes the sense of φιλέω, "to be wont" to do, χαίρουσι χρεώμενοι Hdt., etc.
II. with negat., οὐ χαιρήσεις "thou wilt or shalt not rejoice", i. e. "thou shalt" not "go unpunished, shalt repent" it, Ar.; so in Hom., οὐδέ τιν᾽ οἴω Τρώων χαιρήσειν Il.; so with an interrog., σὺ χαιρήσειν νομίζεις; Plut.: v. inf. IV. 2
III. imperat. χαῖρε, dual χαίρετον, pl. χαίρετε, is a common form of greeting,
1. at meeting, "hail, welcome", Lat. salve, Hom., attic; κῆρυξ Ἀχαιῶν, χαῖρε.. Answ. χαίρω I "accept the greeting", Aesch.
2. at taking leave and parting, "fare-thee-well, farewell, good-bye", Lat. vale, Od., attic
3. the notion of "taking leave or parting" appears also in the 3 pers. sg. χαιρέτω, "have done with" it, "away with" it, εἴτε ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος εἴτε ἐστι δαίμων, χαιρέτω as to the question whether he was born a man or is a divinity, "let" it "be put aside", Hdt.; χαιρέτω βουλεύματα Eur.
IV. part. χαίρων, "glad, joyful, delighted", Hom.; so, κεχαρηκώς Hdt.
2. joined with another Verb, in the sense of "safe, with impunity", Lat. impune, χαίρων ἀπαλλάττει id=Hdt.; with a negat., οὐ χαίρων, Lat. haud impune, to one's cost, οὐ χαίροντες ἐμὲ γέλωτα θήσεσθε id=Hdt.; οὔ τι χαίρων ἐρεῖς Soph.: v. supr. II.
3. in same sense as imperat. (supr. III.), σὺ δέ μοι χαίρων ἀφίκοιο "may'st" thou "fare well" and arrive, Od.; ἀλλ᾽ ἑρπέτω χαίρουσα let her go "with a benison", Soph.
V. the inf. is used to refer to the word χαῖρε as used in greeting (supr. III. 1), χαίρειν δὲ τὸν κήρυκα προὐννέπω I bid the herald "welcome", id=Soph.:—at the beginning of letters the inf. stood alone (λέγει or κελεύει being omitted, as in Lat. S. = salutem, for "S. D." = salutem dicit), Κῦρος Κυαξάρηι χαίρειν Xen.
2. in bad sense, like χαιρέτω, ἐᾶν χαίρειν τινά or τι "to dismiss from one's mind, put away from one, renounce", Hdt., Ar., etc.; πολλὰ χ. κελεύειν τινά Ar.; so c. dat. pers., πολλὰ χαίρειν ξυμφοραῖς καταξιῶ Aesch.; φράσαι χαίρειν Ἀθηναίοισι Ar.